Liderazgos comunitarios de mujeres y expresiones de la incidencia política en la subregión de Urabá

Los liderazgos comunitarios son expresiones de incidencia política en sí misma. Este artículo propone reconocer los liderazgos comunitarios de mujeres de la Red Juntas Somos Más, sus logros y expresiones de incidencia política en la subregión de Urabá. Adoptamos un enfoque cualitativo y paradigma socio-crítico, que permite develar las estructuras del orden social sobre las que se ponen en riesgo las garantías de los derechos. Se realizaron entrevistas, grupos focales y talleres. En los principales hallazgos tenemos la caracterización de las mujeres lideresas de la Red, las expresiones sobre incidencia política, la relación contradictoria con el Estado, la reivindicación por lo cotidiano y la búsqueda por lo común.

Community leadership is an expression of advocacy in itself. This article proposes to recognize women's community leadership of the Juntas Somos Más Network, their achievements, and expressions of advocacy in the Urabá subregion. A qualitative approach and socio-critical paradigm was adopted, which allows us to unveil the structures of the social order on which the guarantees of rights are put at risk. Interviews, focus groups and workshops were conducted. The main findings include the characterization of the women leaders of the Network, the expressions on advocacy, the contradictory relationship with the State, the vindication for the daily life, and the search for the common.

Study of the influence of peer support service on social function of patients with chronic schizophrenia / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundThe improvement of social function in patients with schizophrenia is an important part of their rehabilitation， and peer support services， as a rehabilitation method， may be of great significance to improve the social function of patients with schizophrenia. ObjectiveTo explore the influence of peer support service on the daily living ability and social function of patients with chronic schizophrenia， and to provide references for promoting the rehabilitation of patients with chronic schizophrenia. MethodsA total of 100 patients with chronic schizophrenia who were hospitalized in The Third People's Hospital of Tianshui from January 1 to December 31， 2020 and met the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases， 10th edition （ICD-10） were selected as the study objects， and they were divided into the control group and the study group with 50 cases each by random number table method. Patients in both groups received routine treatment and nursing care， on this basis， the study group received peer support service once or twice a week for 12 weeks， and the control group received the same peer support service at the end of the study. Before and at the 1st， 2nd， 4th， 8th and 12th week of the treatment， Activity of Daily Living Scale （ADL） and Social Disability Screening Schedule （SDSS） were used to evaluate the activities of daily living and social function of the two groups. ResultsThe ADL scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group at the 8th week and 12th week of the treatment （ t=-2.420， -2.814， P<0.05 or 0.01） . The SDSS scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group at the 8th week an 12th week of the treatment （t=-2.057， -2.322， P<0.05） . ConclusionPeer support services may help improve the ability of daily life and social function of patients with chronic schizophrenia. ［Funded by Tianshui City Livelihood Science and Technology Plan Project （number， 2020-SHFZKJK-9344）］

Impact of stressors and stress responses on the daily life of college students with migraine / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundStress is closely related to migraine attacks， however， previous studies on stressors， stress responses and their impact on the daily life of college students with migraine remain unclear. ObjectiveTo explore the impact of stressors and stress responses on the daily life of college students with migraine， in order to provide references for improving daily life of this population. MethodsFrom August 2018 to August 2019， 458 students from North Sichuan Medical College who met the International Classification of Headache Diseases third edition （ICHD-3）， were selected using random sampling method. General data and headache characteristics were collected. The 6-item Headache Impact Test Questionnaire （HIT-6） was used to assess the impact of migraine on daily life. Student-Life Stress Inventory （SLSI） was used to assess the stressors and stress responses. Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA） and Hamilton Depression Scale-24 item （HAMD-24） were used to assess anxiety and depressive symptoms. Pearson correlation analysis were used to examine the relationship between HIT-6 score and scores on various scales. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors on daily life in college students with migraine. ResultsIn the SLSI， stressors in the dimensions of frustration （r=0.138， P<0.01）， conflict （r=0.168， P<0.01）， pressure （r=0.157， P<0.01）， change （r=0.148， P<0.01）， self-imposed （r=0.158， P<0.01） ， as well as physiological response （r=0.256， P<0.01）， emotional response （r=0.241， P<0.01）， behavioral response （r=0.164， P<0.01）， HAMA total score （r=0.192， P<0.01）， dHAMD-24 total score （r=0.250， P<0.01）， and SLSI total score （r=0.250， P<0.01）， were positively correlated with HIT-6 score. Cognitive response （r=-0.104， P<0.05） was negatively correlated with HIT-6 score. Stepwise multiple linear regression revealed that physiological response （β=0.140， P<0.05）， anxiety （β=0.159， P<0.05）， and cognitive response （β=-0.091， P<0.05） could predict the impact on daily life of college students with migraine. ConclusionPhysiological response， cognitive response and anxiety may be the independent influencing factors on the daily life of college students with migraine. ［Funded by Nanchong City University Science and Technology Strategic Cooperation Project （number， NSMC20170420）］

Efficacy of five elements health exercise on improving ability of daily living and cognitive function in elderly inpatients with schizophrenia / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy of five elements health exercise on improving the ability of daily living and cognitive function in elderly inpatients with schizophrenia. MethodsA total of 80 elderly patients with schizophrenia who were hospitalized in Xiamen Xianyue Hospital from May 2016 to May 2017 and met the diagnostic criteria of International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） were enrolled in this study， and were randomly divided into the study group and the control group， with 40 cases in each group. Both groups received routine drug treatment， psychiatric nursing care and rehabilitation treatment， and the study group received five elements health exercise on this basis. The ability of daily living and cognitive function of patients were assessed using Barthel Index （BI） and Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE） before intervention， 6 months and 1 year after intervention. Additionally， the Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation （NOSIE） was adopted to evaluate the changes of patients' behavior and condition before and after 1-year intervention. ResultsAt 6 months and 1 year of intervention， study group scored higher on BI （F=2.876， 3.240， P<0.05 or 0.01） and MMSE （F=4.742， 7.902， P<0.01） than control group， with statistically significant differences. After 1 year of intervention， the scores of each factor and total score of NOSIE in the study group were higher than those in the control group， and the differences were statistically significant （t=0.173~2.463， P<0.05）. ConclusionOn the basis of routine drug therapy and routine nursing care， the implementation of five elements health exercise may improve the ability of daily living and cognitive function of elderly inpatients with schizophrenia.

Mães com Deficiência e Maternidade: Cotidiano, Redes de Apoio e Relação com a Escola / Mothers with Disabilities and Motherhood: Everyday Life, Support Networks and Relationship with School

RESUMO: Cerca de metade das pessoas com deficiência no Brasil são mulheres e uma parte delas torna-se mãe. Entretanto, não há dados na literatura sobre as necessidades específicas dessa população. Assim sendo, este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as percepções de mulheres com deficiência física e visual sobre si mesmas, sobre o cotidiano da maternidade, as redes de apoio e a relação da família com a escola. A pesquisa seguiu a metodologia qualitativa e utilizou narrativas como forma de coletar dados. Participaram do estudo seis mulheres, sendo três com deficiência visual e três com deficiência física. Os resultados estão apresentados em duas categorias: 1) concepções das mulheres sobre sua deficiência, que reúne falas sobre como a interação com a sociedade afeta a concepção que elas têm de si mesmas; e 2) cotidiano da maternidade, que discute os relatos sobre o cotidiano e as experiências dessas mulheres como mães, incluindo suas redes de apoio formal e informal, os desafos diários e as adaptações necessárias no cuidado com seus filhos, as relações com a escola e a comunidade e a maneira como as crianças se desenvolvem e se organizam frente às limitações da mãe. As narrativas trouxeram elementos importantes do cotidiano dessas mulheres que são invisíveis perante a sociedade e os profssionais que atuam junto às pessoas com deficiência, indicando a necessidade de fomentar práticas profssionais e mais pesquisas sobre o tema, com a perspectiva de promover uma sociedade mais inclusiva.

ABSTRACT: About half of the people with disabilities in Brazil are women, and some of them become mothers. However, there is no data in literature about the specific needs of this population. Tus, this paper aims to present the perceptions of women with physical and visual disabilities about themselves, about everyday life as mothers, about support networks and the relationship between family and school. The research followed a qualitative methodology and used narratives as a means of data collection. Six women participated in the study, three with visual impairment and three with physical disability. The findings are presented in two categories: 1) women's conceptions of their disability, which summarizes their expressions about interactions with society that affect their self-image; and 2) daily life of motherhood, which addresses the accounts of these women's daily lives and experiences as mothers, including their formal and informal support networks, daily challenges and necessary adjustments in caring for their children, relationships with school and the community, and how the children develop and self-organize in the face of their mother's limitations. The narratives brought to light important elements of these women's daily lives that are invisible to society and to professionals working with people with disabilities. This shows the need to promote professional practices and more research on the subject in order to create a more inclusive society.

Clinical observation on wrist-ankle acupuncture for shoulder-hand syndrome phaseⅠafter stroke / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy between wrist-ankle acupuncture and conventional acupuncture on shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS) phaseⅠafter stroke.@*METHODS@#A total of 64 patients with SHS phaseⅠafter stroke were randomized into a wrist-ankle acupuncture group and a conventional acupuncture group, 32 cases in each group. On the basis treatment of internal medicine and conventional rehabilitation, wrist-ankle acupuncture was applied at upper 4 area, upper 5 area and upper 6 area on the affected side in the wrist-ankle acupuncture group, while acupuncture was applied at Jianyu (LI 15), Quchi (LI 11), Shousanli (LI 10), etc. on the affected side in the conventional acupuncture group. The treatment was given 30 min each time, once a day, 5 days a week for 3 weeks in both groups. Before and after treatment, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, degree of hand swelling, shoulder-hand syndrome scale (SHSS) score, Fugl-Meyer assessment for upper extremity (FMA-UE) score and modified Barthel index (MBI) score were observed, and the clinical therapeutic effect was evaluated in both groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the VAS scores, degree of hand swelling and SHSS scores were decreased (P<0.05), and the FMA-UE scores and MBI scores were increased (P<0.05) compared before treatment in both groups; in the wrist-ankle acupuncture group, the VAS score, degree of hand swelling and SHSS score were lower (P<0.05), and the FMA-UE score and MBI score were higher (P<0.05) than those in the conventional acupuncture group. The total effective rate was 96.9% (31/32) in the wrist-ankle acupuncture group, which was superior to 90.6% (29/32) in the conventional acupuncture group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Wrist-ankle acupuncture can effectively relieve pain and hand swelling, improve motor function of upper extremity and self-care ability of daily life in patients with shoulder-hand syndrome phaseⅠafter stroke, the therapeutic effect is superior to conventional acupuncture.

The rehabilitative effect of task-oriented training for stroke survivors / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe any effect of task-oriented training in the activities of daily living (ADL) for stroke patients.Methods:Sixty-two hemiplegic stroke survivors were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, each of 31. In addition to routine occupational therapy, the control group exercised on their own, while the experimental group underwent 45-minute task-oriented training sessions based on ADL action analysis every day, 5 days a week for 6 weeks consecutively. Before and after the treatment the upper limb functioning of both groups was quantified using Fugl-Meyer upper limb motor function scoring (FMA-UE) and Brunnstrom staging (BSS). ADL skill was assessed using the modified Barthel index (MBI).Results:After the treatment, the average FMA-UE and MBI scores of both groups were significantly better than before the treatment and better than the control group′s averages. The average BSS scores had also improved significantly, with that of the experimental group significantly better than the control group′s average.Conclusions:Task-oriented training based on ADL motion analysis can significantly improve upper limb motor functioning and ADL ability after a stroke despite hemiplegia. Its efficacy is better than that of conventional occupational therapy alone.

Effects of Baduanjin combined with limb function exercise on trunk control and living ability of stroke patients with hemiplegia / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of Baduanjin combined with limb function exercise on trunk control and living ability of stroke patients with hemiplegia.Methods:From September 2019 to March 2021, a total of 86 stroke patients with hemiplegia admitted into the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University who met the inclusion criteria were selected and divided into the control group and the experimental group with 43 cases in each group according to the random number table method. The control group was given limb function exercise, while the experimental group was given Baduanjin combined with limb function exercise, and the intervention time was 6 weeks. The Trunk impairment scale (TIS), Berg balance scale (BBS), Fugl-Meyer assessment of motor function (FMA), Barthel index (BI) scores and the thicknesses of transverse abdominis and multifidus muscle were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention.Results:After the intervention, the TIS, BBS, FMA and BI scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than that of the control group [(19.52±2.68) vs (16.78±2.51) points, (43.19±5.03) vs (35.62±4.89) points, (71.24±7.39) vs (59.26±6.35) points, (69.52±6.81) vs (62.31±6.46) points], the thickness of transversus abdominis and multifidus were significantly greater than that in the control group [(2.76±0.39) vs (2.39±0.35) mm, (24.37±1.69) vs (23.67±1.45) mm] (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Baduanjin combined with limb function exercise can improve the trunk control ability, balance function, motor function and daily life ability of stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Trabalho e cotidiano de mulheres bolsistas PQ/CNPq da psicologia / Work and daily life of female psychology PQ/CNPq fellows / Trabajo y vida cotidiana de mujeres becadas PQ/CNPq en psicología

Objetiva-se conhecer as repercussões das exigências do trabalho científico no cotidiano de bolsistas PQ/CNPq da Psicologia e as estratégias de conciliação desenvolvidas entre as demandas acadêmicas e as domésticas-familiares. Trabalhou-se com uma amostra não-probabilística de 85 mulheres, das 204 bolsistas PQ cadastradas no CNPq, respondentes ao questionário on-line; e com um subgrupo de 24 pesquisadoras respondentes à entrevista remota. Os resultados indicam que o cotidiano das pesquisadoras é significativamente afetado em diferentes esferas. Na tentativa de conciliação, recorrem ao suporte familiar e/ou contratam trabalhadoras domésticas/babás. Para a maioria, a maternidade não se configura como um obstáculo à excelência científica. Já em relação às relações amorosas-conjugais há conflitos em decorrência das exigências acadêmicas, os quais impactam negativamente nos investimentos profissionais. Concluímos que o cotidiano das bolsistas PQ está atravessado pela estrutural desigualdade de gênero impelindo-as a desenvolver estratégias de conciliação, as quais repercutem no âmbito doméstico-familiar e nos relacionamentos conjugais.

The objective of the present study was to understand the repercussions of the demands of scientific work on the daily life of Psychology PQ/CNPq fellows and the strategies developed to reconcile academic and domestic-family demands. We worked with a non-probabilistic sample of 85 women from the 204 PQ fellows registered at CNPq who answered the online questionnaire, and with a sub-group of 24 women researchers who answered the remote interview. The results indicate that the daily lives of female researchers are strongly affected in different spheres. In an attempt to conciliate, they resort to family support and/or hiring domestic workers/babysitters. For most of them, motherhood is not an obstacle to scientific excellence. On the other hand, in relation to love-marital relationships, there are conflicts due to academic demands, which negatively impact professional investments. We conclude that the daily life of the PQ fellows is crossed by the structural gender inequality, forcing them to develop strategies of conciliation, which have repercussions in the domestic-familial sphere and in the conjugal relationships.

El objetivo es conocer las repercusiones de las exigencias del trabajo científico en la vida cotidiana de becadas PQ/CNPq en Psicología y las estrategias de conciliación desarrolladas entre las exigencias académicas y domésticas-familiares. Se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística de 85 mujeres de las 204 becadas PQ registradas en el CNPq que respondieron al cuestionario online, y con un subgrupo de 24 investigadoras que respondieron a la entrevista remota. Los resultados indican que la vida cotidiana de las investigadoras se ve fuertemente afectada en diferentes ámbitos. En un intento de conciliación, recurren a la ayuda familiar y/o contratan a trabajadoras domésticas/niñeras. Para la mayoría de ellas, la maternidad no es un obstáculo para la excelencia científica. Sin embargo, en lo que respecta a las relaciones amoroso-matrimoniales, existen conflictos debidos a las exigencias académicas, que repercuten negativamente en las inversiones profesionales. Concluimos que la vida cotidiana de las becadas PQ está atravesada por la desigualdad estructural de género, instándolas a desarrollar estrategias de conciliación que repercuten en el ámbito doméstico-familiar y en las relaciones conyugales.

Vulnerabilidad e impacto social del desastre natural en el cotidiano de las familias peruanas

RESUMEN Introducción: El Perú muestra vulnerabilidad ante las variaciones climáticas drásticas, tales como episodios extremos de lluvia y altas temperaturas asociadas al fenómeno del "Niño Costero" que dejaron impactos sobre la salud de la población rural de Lima. Objetivo: Comprender la vivencia de la vulnerabilidad y del impacto social de los desastres naturales producidos por el fenómeno "El Niño Costero" en el cotidiano de las familias. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo, interpretativo, en base al referencial teórico de la Sociología Comprensiva y del Cotidiano de Michel Maffesoli. La población estuvo constituida por 40 familias residentes en la comunidad "El Ayllu". La muestra fue de siete familias, se obtuvo por saturación. Los datos fueron recolectados entre los meses de abril y mayo del 2018 y la información fue obtenida por la observación participante y entrevistas, con una guía de observación y preguntas orientadoras. Se aplicó el análisis de contenido, de la que emergieron las categorías. Resultados: La comprensión de la vivencia de la vulnerabilidad e impacto social de los desastres naturales producidos por el "Fenómeno del Niño Costero", en el cotidiano de las familias, evidenció las categorías: Motivaciones familiares que influyen en el desplazamiento de las familias y Desesperación e impotencia durante el desastre. Conclusiones: La comprensión de la vulnerabilidad e impacto social del desastre natural producido por el Fenómeno del Niño Costero es percibida como una situación fatalista que provoca desesperación y angustia por haber vivido los más horribles desplazamientos de tierra y lodo. La incertidumbre y las perdidas produjeron una crisis que continúa en sus vidas, de la que deben salir adelante por su propio esfuerzo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Peru shows vulnerability due to drastic climatic variations such as extreme rain episodes and high temperatures associated with the "El Niño Costero" phenomenon, which left impacts on the health of the rural population of Lima. Objective: To understand the experience of vulnerability and the social impact of natural disasters produced by the "El Niño Costero" phenomenon in the daily lives of families. Methods: Qualitative and interpretive study based on the theoretical framework of Michel Maffesoli's comprehensive and quotidian sociology. The population consisted of forty families from the community of El Ayllu. The sample, obtained by saturation, consisted of seven families. The data were collected between the months of April and May 2018, while the information was obtained through participant observation and interviews, with an observation outline and guiding questions. Content analysis was applied, which permitted to obtain the categories. Results: Emerging categories, family motivations that influence displacement of families, and desperation during the disaster. Conclusions: Understanding the vulnerability and social impact of the natural disaster produced by the "El Niño Costero" phenomenon is perceived as a fatalistic situation that causes the population's desperation and anguish after experiencing the most horrible displacements of land and mud. Uncertainty and losses produced a prevailing crisis in their lives, from which they must come forward by their own efforts.

Dependencia en adultos mayores con enfermedad de Alzheimer en el Hospital Civil de Tepic, Nayarit, México / Dependence in Aged Adults Suffering from Alzheimer Disease at Tepic Civil Hospital, Nayarit, México

Introducción: El mundo ha experimentado un proceso de cambio que implica múltiples transiciones, como la demográfica y epidemiológica. En México, la prevalencia de las enfermedades demenciales como el Alzheimer tiene una tendencia al aumento, de ahí que sea necesario estudiar y analizar sus repercusiones en la población. Objetivo: Determinar el grado de dependencia en adultos mayores con enfermedad de Alzheimer en un hospital de segundo nivel en Nayarit, México. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, corte transversal y enfoque cuantitativo. Se aplicó el índice de Barthel para evaluar las actividades básicas de la vida diaria a 29 cuidadores principales de los pacientes registrados en la base de datos del hospital. Las variables elegidas fueron: sexo, edad, municipio y grado de dependencia. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante el programa SPSS de IBM versión 20. Resultados: La edad media fue de 79 años; el 62,1 por ciento fueron mujeres y el 37,9 por ciento hombres; el municipio con mayor número de pacientes fue Tepic (44,8 por ciento); con respecto al grado de dependencia, la independencia fue la más frecuente (27,6 por ciento), seguido de dependencia total (24,1 por ciento). Se evidenció correlación entre defunciones y grado de dependencia con un nivel de significancia por debajo de 0,000 (error α). Conclusiones. En Nayarit existe dependencia en los adultos mayores con enfermedad de Alzheimer. Los cuidadores primarios reciben poca o ninguna capacitación para el cuidado de estos pacientes. El subdiagnóstico de esta enfermedad de alguna manera favorece la dependencia, pues no se orienta o no se otorgan las medidas básicas terapéuticas a la familia para el apoyo del enfermo, esto a su vez es de especial interés debido a que existe una correlación estrecha entre defunción y dependencia(AU)

Introduction: The world has undergone a process of change that involves multiple transitions, such as demographic and epidemiological. In Mexico, the prevalence of dementia diseases such as Alzheimer's has an increasing trend, hence it is necessary to study and to analyze its impact on the population. Objective: To determine the degree of dependence in aged adults with Alzheimer's disease in a second-level hospital in Nayarit, Mexico. Methods: This is a descriptive study with cross-sectional and quantitative approach. The Barthel index was applied to assess the basic activities of daily living to 29 main caregivers of the patients registered in the hospital database. The variables chosen were sex, age, municipality and degree of dependency. Data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS version 20 program. Results: The mean age was 79 years; 62.1percent were women and 37.9percent men; the municipality with the highest number of patients was Tepic (44.8percent). Regarding the degree of dependence, independence was the most frequent (27.6percent), followed by total dependence (24.1percent). Correlation between deaths and degree of dependence was evidenced with a level of significance below 0.000 (α error). Conclusions: In Nayarit there is dependence in aged adults suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Primary caregivers receive little or no training in caring for these patients. The underdiagnoses of this disease in some way favors dependence, since the family is not guided or the basic therapeutic measures are not given to support the patient, this in turn is of special interest because there is close correlation between deaths and dependency(AU)

Narrativas (d)e cuidado em saúde mental: por uma clínica política / Narratives (of) and mental health care: for a political clinic

No Brasil, assim como em tantos outros países do Ocidente, até meados do século passado, a história do atendimento em saúde mental coincide com a história da psiquiatria praticada em instituições totais e pautada pelo modelo médico de atenção, tratando a doença mais do que o sujeito e seu sofrimento. A mudança do modelo de atenção à saúde mental brasileiro iniciou na década de 1980 com propostas de serviços territoriais e essa transição ocorreu lentamente: somente na década de 1990 foi iniciado o investimento gradativo em dispositivos substitutivos aos hospitais psiquiátricos - Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS), inaugurando um novo paradigma de assistência em saúde mental no Brasil. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo apresentar narrativas construídas a partir da experiência profissional do pesquisador em seu percurso enquanto trabalhador no campo da saúde mental. Tratase de uma pesquisa ação - qualitativa, de caráter exploratório e que faz uso de narrativas como ferramenta metodológica, visando imprimir no texto a presença e as vivências a partir da experiência do pesquisador como trabalhador da rede de saúde mental pública na produção de cuidados em saúde mental. Para guiar este estudo, temos as seguintes questões norteadoras: Como se dá a produção de cuidado no cotidiano de um serviço de saúde mental hoje? O que emerge em narrativas a partir da experiência de um trabalhador do campo da saúde mental? Quais as ferramentas teórico-conceituais que fundamentam as práticas / experiência no cotidiano de um trabalhador do campo da saúde mental? Este estudo tem como referencial teórico as discussões sobre cotidiano elaboradas por Agnes Heller. O presente estudo justificase pelo atual contexto sociopolítico neofascista vivenciado no Brasil, no qual inúmeras políticas sociais estão sendo retiradas da população brasileira. Nesse contexto, há a necessidade da discussão da Atenção Psicossocial enquanto prática de cuidado em saúde mental junto dos modos e formas de cuidado presentes neste cenário e a sua relação com o tempo.

In Brazil, as in so many other Western countries, until the middle of the last century, the history of mental health care coincided with the history of psychiatry practiced in total institutions and guided by the medical model of care, treating the disease more than the subject and their suffering. The change in the Brazilian mental health care model began in the 1980s with proposals for territorial services. This transition took place slowly and it was only in the 1990s that the gradual investment in substitutive devices for psychiatric hospitals began - Psychosocial Care Centers (Centros de Atenção Psicossocial - CAPS), thus inaugurating a new mental health care paradigm in Brazil. This work aims to present narratives constructed from the author\'s professional experience during his career as a mental health worker. It is considered \"action research\" - qualitative, exploratory, and uses narratives as a methodological tool, aiming to print out the presence and experiences from the author\'s experience as a worker in the public mental health network in the production of care in mental health. To guide this study, we have the following questions: How does the production of care take place in the daily life of a mental health worker today? What emerges in narratives from the experience of a mental health worker? What are the theoretical-conceptual tools that underlie the daily practices/experience of a mental health worker? This study has, as a theoretical reference, the discussions about everyday life contained in the work of Agnes Heller. The present study is justified by the current neofascist sociopolitical context experienced in Brazil, where numerous social policies are being withdrawn from the Brazilian population. In this context, there is a need to discuss Psychosocial Care as a mental health care practice along with the modes and forms of care present in this scenario and its relationship with time.

Effect of scalp acupuncture on cognitive function and self-care ability of daily life in patients with traumatic brain injury / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the therapeutic effect of scalp acupuncture on cognitive dysfunction of traumatic brain injury.@*METHODS@#Seventy patients with cognitive dysfunction of traumatic brain injury were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 35 cases in each group. After treatment, 5 cases dropped off in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with cognitive training; the patients in the observation group were treated with cognitive training and scalp acupuncture at Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Zhisanzhen and Niesanzhen, and the needles were retained for 6 h. The two groups were treated once a day, 6 times a week; one-month treatment was taken as one course, and 3 continuous courses were given. The scores of mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), activity of daily living (ADL) and functional independence measure (FIM) were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the MMSE and MoCA scores in the observation group, and ADL and FIM scores in the two groups were significantly increased after treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#Scalp acupuncture could improve cognitive function and self-care ability of daily life in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Estudio sobre los niveles de dependencia en pacientes oncológicos con sintomatología respiratoria / Study on the levels of dependence of the oncological patient with respiratory symptomatology

La incidencia del cáncer (Ca) en España está en aumento (247.771 nuevos diagnósticos). La Supervivencia de pacientes oncológicos a los 5 años es 53%. Principal problema, es la calidad de esa supervivencia. Un Importante factor condicionante son los niveles de dependencia de los pacientes en tratamiento activo. Objetivo principal: Evaluar el nivel de dependencia de los pacientes oncológicos con disnea. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio observacional prospectivo transversal con muestreo no probabilístico de asignación accidental. La muestra se reclutó del Servicio de Oncología Médica del Hospital Universitario de Salamanca. Se procedió a la derivación de los pacientes al programa de terapia ocupacional con la consiguiente inclusión de estos en el estudio. Posteriormente y tras obtener el consentimiento informado firmado, se procedió a evaluar. Se utilizó la escala de Lawton-Brody, y el índice de Barthel. Se diseñó una hoja de registro para datos sociodemográficos y clínicos. RESULTADOS: Muestra total de 180 individuos. Edad media de 68,48 (±10,513) años. El 52,8% varones, por un 47,2% mujeres. El 22,8% presentaban diagnóstico de Ca de mama, un 31,7% Ca pulmonar y un 45,6% Ca relacionado con el aparato digestivo. En cuanto a los niveles de dependencia, escala de Lawton-Brody, puntuación media de 4,31 (±1,832) puntos (niveles de dependencia moderados); índice de Barthel, puntuación media de 42,53 (±2,789) puntos (nivel de dependencia moderado). Peores puntuaciones en diagnóstico anatomopatológico pulmonar. Correlación fuerte y estadísticamente significativa entre ABVD y AIVD (r=0,803, para p<0,05), y correlación significativa (r=-0,403, para p<0,001) entre la edad y la realización de AIVD. CONCLUSIÓN: Los pacientes oncológicos con disnea presentan unos niveles de dependencia moderada.

The incidence of cancer (Ca) in Spain is increasing (247,771 new diagnoses). Survival of cancer patients at 5 years is 53%. The main problem is the quality of that survival. An important conditioning factor is the level of dependence of patients in active treatment. Aim: To evaluate the level of dependence of cancer patients with dyspnea. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional prospective observational study with non-probabilistic accidental assignment sampling. Sample was recruited from the Service of Medical Oncology at the Salamanca University Hospital. The patients were referred to the occupational therapy program with their consequent inclusion in the study. Subsequently, and after obtaining signed informed consent, an evaluation was carried out. The Lawton-Brody scale and the Barthel index were used. A record sheet for sociodemographic and clinical data was designed. RESULTS: Total sample of 180 individuals. Average age of 68.48 (± 10.513) years. 52.8% men, by 47.2% women. 22.8% had a diagnosis of breast Ca, 31.7% pulmonary Ca and 45.6% Ca related to the digestive system. Regarding the levels of dependency, Lawton-Brody scale, mean score of 4.31 (± 1,832) points (moderate levels of dependency); Barthel index, mean score of 42.53 (± 2.789) points (moderate level of dependence). Worse scores in pulmonary pathological diagnosis. Strong and statistically significant correlation between ABVD and AIVD (r = 0.803, for p <0.05), and significant correlation (r = -0.403, for p <0.001) between age and AIVD performance. CONCLUSION: Oncology patients with dyspnoea show moderate levels of dependence.

Efeitos da gestão do "Bolsa Família" no cotidiano de mulheres quilombolas rurais / Effects of "Bolsa Família" management on daily life of rural Quilombola women / Efectos de la gestión de lo "Bolsa Família" en la vida cotidiana de mujeres quilombolas rurales

As mulheres se destacam na gestão do Bolsa Família. Essa condição tem produzido deslocamentos nas relações de gênero, bem como no trabalho em contextos rurais. A respectiva pesquisa buscou investigar as formas de gestão do Bolsa Família, analisando seus efeitos no cotidiano de setenta e duas mulheres, moradoras de duas comunidades quilombolas, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. O benefício tem sido usado para atender às condicionalidades em relação aos filhos e à manutenção da família. Entretanto, foi possível constatar que as mulheres suprem outras necessidades domésticas e pessoais. Observa-se que, para além da complementação da renda familiar, o benefício tem impactado na diminuição da sobrecarga de trabalho doméstico e no campo, na ampliação da segurança alimentar e da mobilidade, bem como na mudança de padrões familiares e de gênero estabelecidos. Tais aspectos apontam para a ampliação dos graus de autonomia identificados pelas próprias participantes no seu dia-a-dia, reverberando em novos modos de vida e de trabalho distintos.

Women stand out in the management of the Bolsa Família. This has produced displacements in gender relations and work in rural contexts. This research investigated the forms of management of the Bolsa Família and analyzed its effects on the daily lives of 72 women living in two Quilombola communities, through semi-structured interviews. Bolsa Família has been used to meet conditions in relation to children, and maintenance of the family. However, women tend to other domestic and personal needs. It can be observed that, in addition to complementing family income, the benefit has had an impact in reducing the burden of domestic and field work, in increasing food security and mobility, as well as in changing established family and gender patterns. These aspects point to the expansion of the degrees of autonomy identified by the participants themselves in their daily lives, reverberating in different ways of living and working.

Las mujeres se destacan en la gestión de lo Bolsa Família. Esta condición ha producido desplazamientos en las relaciones de género, bien como en el trabajo en contextos rurales. La respectiva investigación buscó investigar las formas de gestión de la Bolsa Família y analizó sus efectos en la vida cotidiana de 72 mujeres que vivían en dos comunidades quilombolas, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. La prestación se ha utilizado para cumplir las condiciones en relación con los hijos y el mantenimiento de la familia. Sin embargo, fue posible constatar que las mujeres satisfacen otras necesidades domésticas y personales. Puede observarse que, además de complementar los ingresos familiares, el beneficio ha tenido repercusiones en la reducción de la carga del trabajo doméstico y sobre el terreno, en el aumento de la seguridad alimentaria y la movilidad, así como en la modificación de las pautas familiares y de género establecidas. Tales aspectos apuntan a la expansión de los grados de autonomía identificados por los propios participantes en su vida cotidiana, que repercuten en las nuevas y diferentes formas de vivir y trabajar.

Essential characteristics of sleep from the occupational science perspective / Características essenciais do sono na perspectiva da ciência ocupacional

Abstract Sleep occupation bears interesting and particular characteristics when described from the occupational science perspective. This theoretical essay examines literature from different disciplines, as well as key concepts of Occupational Science to contribute to this perspective of sleep. Firstly, the article describes sleep occupation as a pillar of health, wellbeing, and quality of life in human beings. Then, the essay focuses on how the occupation emerges in early life in the context of family routines and rituals. Daily participation and sleep are analyzed in response to two major questions that have arisen related to this occupation: how participation can be observed in an occupation characterized with periods of a reversible loss of consciousness, and how these periods could be integrated into a unique and particular occupation such as sleep. Afterward, the essay focuses on orchestration and synchronization as essential processes in the occupation. Sleep occupation meanings are described as a great contribution to people's identity and sense of belonging. Finally, sleep occupation is proposed as an occupational right. Understanding crucial sleep characteristics offer a broad vision from an occupational perspective. The possibility to examine this essential occupation for human life opens an opportunity to enrich the vision about what individuals do to sleep, how they organize it, and promote or not their health, besides how contextual elements support or not this occupation.

Resumo A ocupação do sono apresenta características interessantes e particulares quando descrita pela perspectiva da Ciência Ocupacional. Este ensaio teórico examina a literatura de diferentes disciplinas, assim como os conceitos-chave da Ciência Ocupacional, a fim de contribuir para a perspectiva do sono. Primeiramente, o artigo descreve a ocupação do sono como um pilar da saúde, do bem-estar e da qualidade de vida dos seres humanos. Em seguida, o ensaio se concentra em como a ocupação surge no início da vida, no contexto das rotinas e rituais da família. A participação diária e o sono foram analisados em resposta a duas questões principais que surgiram relacionadas a essas ocupações: como a participação pode ser observada em uma ocupação caracterizada por períodos de reversível perda da consciência e como estes períodos podem ser integrados em uma ocupação única e particular, como o sono. Posteriormente, o ensaio focaliza a orquestração e sincronização como processos essenciais na ocupação. Os significados da ocupação do sono são descritos como uma grande contribuição para a identidade e o sentimento de pertencimento das pessoas. Finalmente, a ocupação do sono é proposta como um direito ocupacional. A compreensão das características cruciais do sono oferece uma visão ampliada do ponto de vista ocupacional. A possibilidade de examinar essa ocupação essencial para a vida humana abre uma oportunidade para enriquecer a visão sobre o que os indivíduos fazem para dormir, como a organizam, e como isso promove a união à sua saúde, além de como os elementos contextuais apoiam ou não essa ocupação.

Evaluación de la funcionalidad y el grado de dependencia de adultos mayores de una Fundación para la Inclusión Social / Evaluation of Functionality and Degree of Dependence in Older Adults from a Social Inclusion Foundation

Introducción: El envejecimiento es un proceso de cambios progresivos que repercute en la capacidad funcional física y el nivel de dependencia de la población adulta mayor, estos, a su vez, afectan paulatinamente su salud y sus actividades cotidianas. Objetivo: Evaluar la capacidad funcional y el grado de dependencia de los adultos mayores que asisten a una Fundación para la Inclusión Social. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal, realizado en la Fundación para la Inclusión Social Melvin Jones, Ecuador, durante 2018. El universo fue de 126 adultos mayores. Se evaluaron las características sociodemográficas y de salud, la funcionalidad y dependencia, donde se utilizó el índice de Barthel. Se obtuvo el consentimiento informado y se utilizó estadística descriptiva, X2, para comparaciones entre los sexos. Las diferencias se consideraron estadísticamente significativas, con una p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 65 años. En relación a sus actividades básicas, 56 por ciento mostró total dependencia, 91,04 por ciento dependencia leve, con mayor frecuencia en las mujeres, situación agravante entre las personas adultas mayores. Estadísticamente no hubo diferencia significativa según el sexo (p = 0,36). Las actividades básicas con mayor dependencia total fueron: bañarse, vestirse, trasladarse y deambulación, subir, bajar escaleras y hacer deposiciones; además, se constató que 32,83 por ciento tenía sobrepeso. Conclusiones: La capacidad funcional y el grado de dependencia del adulto mayor en la Fundación Melvin Jones están determinados por la edad, las características sociodemográficas y la evaluación nutricional; sin embargo, representa una oportunidad para el cuidado de enfermería al adulto mayor(AU)

Introduction: Aging is a process of progressive changes affecting the physical functional capacity and the level of dependency of the older adult population. These, in turn, gradually become affected regarding their health and daily activities. Objective: To evaluate the functional capacity and degree of dependency of older adults who attend a Foundation for Social Inclusion. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out at Melvin Jones Foundation for Social Inclusion, in Ecuador, during 2018. The study population consisted of 126 older adults. Sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, functionality and dependence were evaluated, for which the Barthel index was used. Informed consent was obtained and descriptive statistics, chi square, were used for comparisons between sexes. The differences were considered statistically significant, with P ≤ 0.05. Results: The average age was 65 years. Regarding their basic activities, 56 percent showed total dependence; 91.04 percent, mild dependence, more frequently in women, which is considered an aggravating situation among older adults. There was no statistically significant difference regarding sex (P = 0.36). The basic activities with the greatest total dependence were bathing, dressing, moving around and walking, going up and down stairs, and having bowel movements. Furthermore, it was found that 32.83 percent were overweight. Conclusions: Functional capacity and degree of dependency of the older adults at Melvin Jones Foundation are determined by age, sociodemographic characteristics and nutritional evaluation. However, it represents an opportunity for nursing care for the elderly(AU)

Entre as atividades promovidas e o consumo produtivo: análise das práticas dos jovens atletas de elite nos Jogos Olímpicos da Juventude / Between promoted activities and productive consumption: analysis of the practices of young elite athletes at the Youth Olympic Games / Entre actividades promovidas y consumo productivo: análisis de las prácticas de jóvenes deportistas de élite en los Juegos Olímpicos de la Juventud

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as práticas dos jovens atletas de elite nos Jogos Olímpicos da Juventude diante das atividades culturais e educacionais a partir da observação direta e dos registros iconográficos atinentes à edição de Buenos Aires, cuja análise apoiou-se na teoria do cotidiano. Constata-se que a Vila Olímpica da Juventude é um ambiente deveras intercultural, cujo cotidiano é capaz de ensejar uma pluralidade de práticas tanto no plano estratégico, a partir da sua organização estrutural e da sua programação de atividades culturais e educacionais, quanto no plano tático, a partir dos usos e apropriações diferenciados dos jovens atletas, mobilizando táticas de desvio ou resistência e táticas de bricolagem. Conclui-se que os jovens atletas produziram sentidos que transcendiam as questões culturais e educacionais, associando-se, sobretudo, ao seu crescimento profissional enquanto atleta de elite.

The objective of this study was to analyze the practices of young high performance athletes in the Youth Olympic Games in the face of cultural and educational activities based on direct observation and iconographic records related to the Buenos Aires edition, whose analysis was based on the theory of daily life. It seems that the Youth Olympic Village is a truly intercultural environment, whose daily life is capable of giving rise to a plurality of practices both at a strategic level, from its structural organization and from its program of cultural and educational activities, and at a tactical level, based on the different uses and appropriations of young athletes, using diversion or resistance tactics and diy tactics. It is concluded that young athletes produced meanings that transcended cultural and educational issues, and were associated, mainly, with their professional growth as high performance athletes.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las prácticas de los jóvenes atletas de alto rendimiento en los Juegos Olímpicos de la Juventud frente a actividades culturales y educativas basadas en la observación directa y los registros iconográficos relacionados con la edición de Buenos Aires, cuyo análisis se basó en la teoría de la vida cotidiana. Parece que la Villa Olímpica de la Juventud es un entorno verdaderamente intercultural, cuya vida diaria es capaz de dar lugar a una pluralidad de prácticas tanto a nivel estratégico, desde su organización estructural y su programa de actividades culturales y educativas, como a nivel táctico, basado en los diferentes usos y apropiaciones de los atletas jóvenes, utilizando tácticas de desviación o resistencia y tácticas de bricolaje. Se concluye que los atletas jóvenes produjeron significados que trascendieron cuestiones culturales y educativas, y se asociaron, mayormente, con su crecimiento profesional como atletas de alto rendimiento.

Construcción de subjetividad trans a partir de la ocupación entendida como hacer, ser y llegar a ser / Construção da subjetividade trans a partir da ocupação compreendida como fazer, ser e chegar a ser / Construction of trans subjectivity from the occupation understood as doing, being and becoming

Resumen Introducción Esta investigación indaga la influencia del sistema binario de género en la construcción del sujeto trans desde la perspectiva del Hacer y las potencialidades de Llegar a Ser, en el contexto sociocultural y político chileno, centrándose en las experiencias de los participantes mediante el rescate de la historia ocupacional. Objetivos Analizar la construcción del sujeto trans a través del hacer, ser y llegar a ser en base a sus narrativas y en relación a la estructura social chilena en la cual se desenvuelven, visualizando la influencia en sus estados de salud. Metodo Desde una perspectiva cualitativa con enfoque de conocimientos situados, se utiliza la metodología de producciones narrativas y técnicas discontinuas a múltiples voces. La información fue recolectada mediante entrevistas individuales y un grupo focal. Resultados El proceso de tránsito se presenta como un continuo ocupacional, identificando la performatividad del género mediante la ocupación, así como las transformaciones corporales en la construcción de subjetividad. Además se identifica un contexto sociocultural y político que vulnera derechos, lo cual impacta en la salud y el involucramiento en ocupaciones colectivas. Conclusiones La ocupación se presenta como un elemento reproductor del sistema binario de sexo-género, no obstante, también puede ser entendida como una herramienta de emancipación en la medida que permite transgredirla. En este sentido, se interpela a la Terapia Ocupacional a promover ocupaciones colectivas que potencien la capacidad de agencia de sujetos abyectos, determinando estados de salud favorables.

Resumo Introdução Esta pesquisa investiga a influência do sistema binário de gênero na construção do sujeito trans desde a perspectiva do fazer e as potencialidades do tornar-se a ser, no contexto sociocultural e político chileno, enfocando as experiências dos participantes através do resgate de História Ocupacional. Objetivos Analisar a construção do sujeito trans através do fazer, ser e tornar-se, com base em suas narrativas e em relação à estrutura social chilena em que atuam, visualizando a influência em seus estados de saúde. Método Em uma perspectiva qualitativa, com foco no conhecimento situado, foi utilizada a metodologia de produção de narrativa e técnicas descontínuas com múltiplas vozes. As informações foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas individuais e um grupo focal. Resultados O processo de trânsito é apresentado como um continuum ocupacional, identificando a performatividade de gênero através da ocupação, bem como transformações corporais na construção da subjetividade. Além disso, é identificado um contexto sociocultural e político que viola os direitos, com impacto na saúde e no envolvimento em ocupações coletivas. Conclusões A ocupação é apresentada como um elemento reprodutor do sistema binário sexo-gênero, no entanto, também pode ser entendida como uma ferramenta de emancipação, na medida em que permite transgredi-la. Nesse sentido, interpela-se a Terapia Ocupacional a promover ocupações coletivas que aumentem a capacidade de agência de sujeitos abjetos, determinando estados de saúde favoráveis.

Abstract Introduction This research inquires the influence of the binary gender system on the construction of the trans subject from the perspective of Doing and the potential of becoming, in the Chilean socio-cultural and political context, focusing on the experiences of the participants through the rescue of history occupational. Objectives Analyze the construction of the trans subject through doing, being and becoming based on their narratives, the Chilean social structure in which they develop, visualizing the influence on their health states. Method From a qualitative perspective with focus on situated knowledge, the methodology of narrative productions and discontinuous techniques is used to multiple voices. The information was collected through individual interviews and a focus group. Results The transit process is presented as an occupational continuum, identifying the performativization of gender through occupation, such as bodily transformations, in the construction of subjectivity. In addition, a sociocultural and political context that violates rights is identified, which impacts on health and participation in collective occupations. Conclusions Occupation is presented as a reproductive element of the binary sex-gender system, however, it can also be understood as a tool of emancipation insofar as it transgresses it. In this sense, Occupational Therapy is called upon to promote collective occupations that enhance the capacity of agency of abject subjects, determining favorable health states.

A letra e a vida: descompassos entre cotidiano e burocracia nas políticas para a população de rua / The letter and life: mismatches between daily life and bureaucracy in policies for the homeless / La letra y la vida: desajustes entre la vida cotidiana y la burocracia en las políticas para la población sin hogar

O artigo aborda a população de rua como caso emblemático para discutir a relação entre cotidiano e burocracia, apresentando as tensões entre os modos de vida e o funcionamento institucional das políticas públicas a ela destinadas, em duas capitais do Nordeste brasileiro. A partir de narrativas de pessoas em situação de rua, registros de observação participante/itinerante e entrevistas com trabalhadores, problematiza a distância entre a letra (a burocracia) e a vida (o cotidiano), e a relação entre tempos e espaços regulamentados, evidenciando como, fora dos muros institucionais, a vida cotidiana é praticada na sua singularidade, porém excluída do direito à cidade. Nesse contexto, a cidade é pensada como polis, concluindo-se que os desafios da rua são os desafios da cidade: agregar histórias e dar suporte às diferenças.

This paper studies the homeless population as an emblematic case to discuss the relationship between daily life and bureaucracy, displaying the tensions between living on the streets and the functioning of public policies concerning homeless people's living in two capitals in the Northeast of Brazil. Based on homeless people’s narrative excerpts, participant/itinerant’s observation records and workers’ reports through interviews, the study problematizes the distance between the letter (bureaucracy) and life (daily life) and the relation between regulated time and space, highlighting how, outside the institutional walls, the daily life is practiced in its uniqueness, but excluded from the right to the city. In this context, the city is understood as polis, concluding that the challenges on the street are the challenges of the city: aggregating stories and supporting the differences.

El artículo aborda la población sin hogar como caso emblemático para discutir la relación entre el cotidiano y la burocracia, presentando los conflictos entre los modos de vida y el funcionamiento institucional de las políticas públicas destinadas para estas personas, en dos capitales del Noreste brasileño. Tomando como base las narrativas de personas sin hogar, registros de observación participante/itinerante y entrevistas con trabajadores, analiza de una forma crítica los desajustes entre la letra (burocracia) y la vida (cotidiano) y la relación entre tiempos y espacios reglamentados, mostrando como fuera de los muros institucionales la vida cotidiana es practicada de manera singular, sin embargo, excluida del derecho a la ciudad. En ese contexto la ciudad es pensada como polis, concluyéndose que los desafíos de la calle son los desafíos de la ciudad: albergar historias y permitir las diferencias.